European Union leaders meet today in Brussels to kick off a two-day summit where Russia’s war in Ukraine, the battered economy, trade and migration are set to top the agenda.
The 27 heads of state and government will give the very final push to a €2-billion package of military aid for Kyiv, which for the first time includes €1 billion for joint procurement of 155 mm artillery shells.
Leaders will discuss the possibility of topping up the assistance with a further €3.5 billion in the coming months, although this will require further negotiations between ambassadors before turning into concrete action.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy will address the room via video on Thursday to share the latest updates from the war and explain what his country needs to withstand Russia’s invasion.
Also on the table will be a new industrial strategy that aims for the bloc to have 40% of the key technology it needs to combat climate change, such as solar panels and wind turbines, built within its own borders by 2030.
France, in particular, is keen to add nuclear energy to the list of most-favoured projects recognised under the industrial strategy, a request certain to face fierce resistance from countries like Germany, Spain, Austria, Denmark, Ireland and Luxembourg.
«What we are asking for, and perhaps we need to clarify our request, is not so much that nuclear energy be considered green. It’s that we apply technological neutrality and that this is reflected in the texts,» a source at the Élysée Palace said ahead of the summit.
«We also want to put an end to the false debate on, for example, the fact that France and other partners would seek to have nuclear energy recognised as green energy. This is not the objective. That will not happen and that is not what we are looking for.»
The meeting in Brussels comes mere days after Chinese President Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin held one-on-one talks in Moscow and committed to prioritise ties.
Speaking to Euronews before the summit, European Council President Charles Michel said the bloc was not «naïve» about the ever-closer links between China and Russia.
But, he noted, the rapprochement should not deter Brussels from engaging with Beijing.
«We need to engage with China, not because we agree on everything with China, on the contrary, but because we need to defend our interests and to defend our principles,» Michel told Euronews.
China is not an official item on Thursday’s agenda but the Xi-Putin reunion is expected to come up during discussions, particularly amid growing fears that Beijing might supply lethal aid to Moscow.
Although Chinese officials have insisted the fears are unfounded, European leaders have nevertheless warned Beijing against taking such a step, calling it a red line and a cause for sanctions.
«It’s important that China supports the international law, the stability through the UN Charter,» Michel told Euronews.
Combustion engine standoff
Another subject that is not part of the agenda but is poised to loom large over the summit is e-fuels.
Earlier this month, Germany took diplomats by surprise when it mounted a last-minute opposition campaign to block the final approval of a proposed regulation that would impose a 100% reduction in CO2 emissions for cars and vans sold after 2035.
The proposed law will target emissions detected at the exhaust pipeline, which means it will effectively ban new sales of diesel and petrol cars after the cut-off date.
Considered one of the key pieces of the European Green Deal, the law has been controversial since its inception but managed to survive negotiations between the EU Council and the European Parliament, which settled on a compromise text that kept the 2035 deadline intact.
MEPs endorsed the draft law last month and passed the buck to member states, who were expected to rubberstamp their text without major fuss.
But at the very last minute, Germany, which hosts a world-class automotive industry, came out against the law and demanded an exemption for e-fuels, an emerging technology that combines hydrogen and CO2 to produce new fuels that can be poured into conventional combustion engines.
The hold-out shocked officials and diplomats in Brussels, who saw it as a betrayal of the long-standing rules of procedure.
The impasse prompted a rare intervention by European President Roberta Metsola, who this week sent a letter to the EU Council warning the blockage «could undermine the credibility of the legislative process and risk eroding trust between co-legislators.»
Despite talks between Berlin and Brussels, the issue remains unresolved and threatens to float heavily over the entire two-day summit.
«It is essential that trust is there,» said a senior diplomat, speaking on condition of anonymity. «When (negotiations) are concluded, the presumption is that it will not lead to changes to the political agreement»
Another diplomat said a deal to satisfy Berlin’s demands could arrive as soon as «next week» but a diplomat from a different country said it was «possible» the deadlock could continue afterwards, as the number of countries who remain opposed to the measure would still constitute a blocking minority.
Italy, Poland, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Hungary and the Czech Republic are among those considered most likely to resist the proposed ban, although officials insist the alliance is not clear-cut.